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Table 1 Second generation anatomic 3D modeling QA phantom. Specific test objects and their dimensions are described and are also illustrated in Fig. 13

From: Anatomic modeling using 3D printing: quality assurance and optimization

Test object

Test

Dimensions

Line pair pattern

Spatial resolution

Line pairs(lp) at 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 lp/mm along each physical axis

Concave/Convex surface

Curvilinear surface accuracy

Height-7.5 mm

Length-50 mm

Width-12.5 mm

Depth-10.0 mm

Spheres

Shape fidelity

Semi spheres at diameters of 2.5 mm, 5.0 mm, and 7.5 mm

Cones

Shape fidelity

Positive cone:

Bottom diameter-20 mm

Top diameter-10 mm

Height-20 mm

Negative cone:

Top diameter-16.5 mm

Bottom diameter-10 mm

Height-7.5 mm

Hexagonal Cylinder

Rectilinear geometric accuracy

Width-10 mm

Height-20 mm

Positive base

Volumetric accuracy & temporal stability

Width-50 mm

Length-100 mm

Height-5 mm

Negative base

Volumetric accuracy & temporal stability

Width-50 mm

Length-100 mm

Height-12.5 mm

Ruler

Spatial accuracy

Five markers placed at 10 mm spacing along physical X and Y edges of phantom on negative base.

Spiral

Anatomic

Inner diameter-1.8 mm

Outer diameter-2.5 mm

Spiral start-end separation-10 mm

Vascular tree

Anatomic

Cylinders of uniform length of 10 mm with diameters of 5 mm, 2.5 mm, 1.25 mm, 0.75 mm and 0.5 mm. Two outer branches at diameters of 2.5 mm and 0.75 mm placed at 45° and 25° respectively to the inner cylinders.