Table 1 Ideal characteristics of pediatric NP swab prototype based on literature review and expert panel consensus

Medical properties

◾ Rigid, non-brittle to accommodate the pressure and sufficiently collect an upper respiratory sample.

◾ Flexible handle to maneuver inside the nasopharynx while maintaining tensile strength.

◾ Highly absorbent tip composed of polyester to collect and retain fluid.

◾ Adequate sterilization ought to not adversely impact the swabs’ integrity.

Dimensions

◾ Ideal length 10-12 centimeters to reach the posterior nasopharynx.

◾ A rounded smooth tip to prevent trauma to the surrounding tissue.

Biocompatibility and biosafety

◾ Non-toxic material.

◾ Does not interfere with PCR reagents.