Fig. 2
From: Design and 3D printing of variant pediatric heart models for training based on a single patient scan
Different methods to create openings and windows for hollow 3D models. The vessels of all depicted 3D hearts have been opened by trimming. a Cutting off larger parts and whole structures of a 3D heart allows clear visualization of intracardial anatomical structures, in this case the septum and septal defects (atrial septal defect (ASD), ventricular septal defect (VSD)). b Geometric, e.g., circular, windows created by Boolean subtraction of geometric 3D shapes allow examination of the inside of the model, but at the same time maintain a closed shape of the heart. c Windows designed as flaps based on curves drawn onto the model surface are particularly appropriate for models printed in flexible material which allows to bend the flap aside. The appearance of heart models with flap-shaped windows is even more closed on the outside