Fig. 9
From: Design and 3D printing of variant pediatric heart models for training based on a single patient scan
Series of heart models with ASD showing the long-term hemodynamic effect of the CHD on the right atrial and ventricular wall. a An ASD was designed on a 3D model based on the dataset of a patient with PDA. b Stage 1: No changes to RA and RV. c Stage 2: Dilated RA and RV showing the effect of increased mechanical load on the cardiac structures. d Stage 3: Further dilation of RA and RV illustrating the severe long-term effect of an untreated ASD