Comparison of fluid dynamics changes due to physical activity in 3D printed patient specific coronary phantoms with the Windkessel equivalent model of coronary flow

Table 1 Windkessel input flow rates

Model	Cardiac Location	E2 (cc/s)	E1 (cc/s)	R (cc/s)
#1	Left + Right Coronaries	7.64	3.90	2.08
#1	Leaving Aorta	0.69	4.43	6.25
#2	Left + Right Coronaries	7.68	3.91	2.09
#2	Leaving Aorta	0.65	4.42	6.24
#3	Left + Right Coronaries	7.72	3.92	2.09
#3	Leaving Aorta	0.61	4.41	6.24
#4	Left + Right Coronaries	7.70	3.92	2.09
#4	Leaving Aorta	0.63	4.41	6.24
#5	Left + Right Coronaries	7.67	3.91	2.09
#5	Leaving Aorta	0.66	4.42	6.24

Data is presented as the input flow rate calculated into the coronary tree and exiting the aorta at rest (R), during light exercise (E1), and during moderate exercise (E2). Left and right coronaries indicate the Left Anterior Descending, Left Circumflex, Right Coronary Artery and all of their corresponding branches. ‘Left + Right Coronaries’ and ‘Leaving Aorta’ values when added together is equivalent to 8.33 cc/s, the literature reviewed normal total input flow rate

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