Table 1 Study characteristics
From: Individualized medicine using 3D printing technology in gynecology: a scoping review
First author, date | Publication Type | Study Design | Sub-specialty | Patient Population | 3D Printed Product | Intended Use | Intended User | Key Study Findings* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ajao, 2017 [11] | Full text | Case report | BEN | Endometriosis | Anatomical model | Anatomical comprehension | MD | The 3D model accurately demonstrated the relationship of the endometriotic nodule to the patient’s anatomy |
Baek, 2016 [12] | Full text | Case report | ONC | Cervical cancer | Anatomical model | Anatomical comprehension; surgical planning; patient education | MD; PT | 3D models facilitate patient education and assist surgeons to plan operative intervention |
Barbosa, 2019 [13] | Full text | Case series | REI | Infertility | Anatomical model | Surgical planning; improving assisted reproductive techniques | MD | 3D models are feasible and can improve assisted reproductive techniques, assist in surgical planning |
Barsky, 2018 [14] | Full text | Case report | URO | Stress urinary incontinence | Other medical device | Customized pessary for stress urinary incontinence | PT | A customized 3D printed pessary for treatment of stress urinary incontinence was successfully produced and inserted |
Chang, 2018 [15] | Conference abstract | Case series | ONC | Locally advanced cervical cancer | Brachytherapy device | Brachytherapy treatment | MD | 3D printing technology enabled precise apposition of applicators and dosimetry for image guided cervical cancer brachytherapy |
Chen, 2017 [16] | Conference abstract | Case series | BEN | Placenta percreta | Anatomical model | Anatomical comprehension; surgical planning | MD; PT | The 3D printed model facilitated accurate assessment of placenta percreta and surgical planning, to improve maternal and fetal outcomes |
Flaxman, 2020 [17] | Conference abstract | Case series | BEN | Uterine fibroids | Anatomical model | Anatomical comprehension; surgical planning | PT | 3D printed models increased surgeon’s understanding of complex anatomy and impacted their surgical plan |
Hadden, 2018 [18] | Conference abstract | Case series | PED | Congenital Mullerian anomalies | Anatomical model | Anatomical comprehension; provider education | PT; TR | 3D models increased gynaecologists’ understanding of congenital Mullerian anomalies and surgical confidence |
Jiang, 2020 [4] | Full text | Cohort study | ONC | Central pelvic recurrent gynecologic cancer | Brachytherapy device | Brachytherapy planning and treatment | MD | 3D printed individual template based high dose rate interstitial brachytherapy is feasible and efficient, permitting delivery of localized interstitial brachytherapy |
Kudla, 2019 [19] | Conference abstract | Case report | ONC | Locally recurrent endometrial cancer | Brachytherapy device | Brachytherapy treatment | MD | The custom applicator improved the quality and ease of delivery of interstitial vaginal brachytherapy |
Laan, 2019 [20] | Full text | Case series | ONC | Gynaecologic cancer | Brachytherapy device | Brachytherapy treatment | MD | A personalised vaginal topography-based 3D printed for brachytherapy needle applicators, derived from patient MRI data was successfully designed and produced |
Lindegaard, 2016 [21] | Full text | Case report | ONC | Locally advanced cervical cancer | Brachytherapy device | Brachytherapy treatment | MD | 3D printing enabled a high degree of individualisation and exemplified superior dose distribution in brachytherapy treatment of stage IVA cervical cancer |
Logar, 2019 [22] | Full text | Cohort study | ONC | Locally advanced primary/recurrent gynecologic cancer | Brachytherapy device | Brachytherapy treatment | MD | With use of 3D printed applicators, all dose volume parameters for clinical target volume improved without compromising dose constraints for organs at risk |
Logar, 2020 [23] | Conference abstract | Case series | ONC | Vaginal/recurrent endometrial cancer | Brachytherapy device | Brachytherapy treatment | MD | An individually-designed multi-channel vaginal applicator was well tolerated, increased target coverage in advanced tumours, minimized trauma to surrounding tissue |
Mackey, 2019 [24] | Full text | Case report | BEN | Uterine fibroids | Anatomical model | Anatomical comprehension; surgical planning | MD | The 3D-printed model facilitated cesarian section planning and use was associated with good maternal/fetal outcomes. |
Mohammadi, 2021 [25] | Full text | Case report | ONC | Locally advanced cervical cancer | Brachytherapy device | Brachytherapy treatment | MD | High-temp resin with SLA 3D patient-specific multi-channel cylindrical applicators show mechanical accuracy and effective dosimetry |
Pavan, 2021 [26] | Full text | Case report | URO | Mullerian agenesis; MRKH syndrome | Other medical device | Post-surgical customized vaginal mold | PT | Functional, histological and anatomical results were reached with the 3D printed tailored mold |
Petric, 2019 [27] | Conference abstract | Cohort study | ONC | Locally advanced cervical cancer | Brachytherapy device | Brachytherapy treatment | MD | The use of 3D printed tandem needle template for image guided brachytherapy in locally advanced cervical cancer allowed successful management of disease |
Qu, 2017 [28] | Conference | Case report | ONC | Recurrent cervical cancer | Brachytherapy device | Brachytherapy treatment | MD | The 3D printed individual applicator facilitated precise planning and decreased complications |
Qu, 2019 [29] | Conference abstract | Non-randomised control trial | ONC | Pelvic wall recurrent gynecologic cancer | Brachytherapy device | Brachytherapy treatment | MD | When used for preoperative planning, both 3D-printed non coplanar template (3D-PNCT) and 3D-printed coplanar template achieve prescription dose, 3D-PNCT was more safe |
Qu, 2021 [30] | Full text | Retrospective study | ONC | Non-central pelvic recurrent gynecologic cancer | Brachytherapy device | Brachytherapy treatment | MD | 3D-printed non coplanar template assisted CT-guided 125I-seed ablative brachytherapy is a safe and feasible treatment |
Reddy, 2019 [31] | Conference abstract | Case series | BEN | Uterine fibroids | Anatomical model | Anatomical comprehension; surgical planning | MD | Patient-specific 3D models facilitated preoperative and intraoperative planning for laparoscopic myomectomy |
Sayed Aluwee, 2017 [32] | Full text | Case series | ONC | Endometrial cancer | Anatomical model | Anatomical comprehension; surgical planning; patient education | MD; PT | Personalized uterine 3D physical models using 3D printing and mold casting methods based on 3D MR images are useful for planning by surgeons, and patient communication |
Sekii, 2018 [33] | Full text | Case series | ONC | Recurrent cervical cancer | Brachytherapy device | Brachytherapy treatment | MD | 3D printing templates designed inversely have potential to assist in interstitial brachytherapy for vaginal tumors |
Semeniuk, 2021Â [34] | Full text | Case series | ONC | Gynecologic cancer | Brachytherapy device | Brachytherapy treatment | MD | Patient-specific cylinders provide comparable dose to the target, with advanced healthy tissue sparing |
Sethi, 2014 [35] | Conference abstract | Case report | ONC | Endometrial cancer | Brachytherapy device | Brachytherapy treatment | MD | Successful production of a patient specific vaginal cylinder applicator for high-dose-rate intracavitary brachytherapy |
Sethi, 2016 [36] | Full text | Case series | ONC | Primary/recurrent endometrial cancer | Brachytherapy device | Brachytherapy treatment | MD | Successful production of biocompatible, sterilizable, custom applicators for gynecologic brachytherapy |
Wadi-Ramahi, 2018 [37] | Conference abstract | Case report | ONC | Gynaecologic cancer | Brachytherapy device | Brachytherapy treatment | MD | Patient-specific 3D printed molds facilitated personalized brachytherapy, specific to patient and tumor anatomy |
Wang, 2020 [38] | Full text | Cohort study | ONC | Cervical cancer | Anatomical model | Anatomical comprehension; patient education | MD; PT | 3D printed models can display patient anatomy and pathology to guide individualized brachytherapy for cervical cancer and communicate with patients |
Yuan, 2019 [39] | Full text | Randomized control trial | ONC | Recurrent cervical cancer | Brachytherapy device | Brachytherapy treatment | MD | The 3D printed minimally invasive guidance template-assisted treatment provided dosimetry advantage |
Zhao, 2019 [40] | Conference abstract | Case series | ONC | Retroperitoneal lymph node metastasis in gynecologic cancer | Brachytherapy device | Brachytherapy treatment | MD | 3D printing template in seed implantation provides accurate positioning for treating retroperitoneal lymph node metastasis in gynecological oncology |
Zhao, 2019 [41] | Full text | Case report | ONC | Cervical cancer | Brachytherapy device | Brachytherapy treatment | MD | A higher dose coverage of the target and better sparing of the organs at risk can be achieved by using a3D-printed, individualized cylinder |