Fig. 4

The evolution of models in the study separated by design developments and findings incorporated throughout the process (A), The initial models and final models varied slightly. B The first addition of incorporating SIEA’s was called for by the surgical team during a procedure and was incorporated in all models going forward. This demonstrates the ability for surgeons to directly translate difficulties into rapid solutions through in the moment conversations with the design team. C. A COVID-19 related shortage of material forced the design team to investigate different material combinations which ultimately proved more challenging to quickly comprehend. D Support material was left unremoved between the extra-muscular vessels and muscle, which provided a visual connection for the surgeon to better track extra-muscular vessel locations in the fatty tissue. E A coordinated series of conversations with the radiological team and surgical team lead to an increased scan resolution which provided a more accurate visualization of all perforator vessel present in the patient