Fig. 5

Relative error for all 20 unique trabecular bone phantoms, binned into low and high stiffness categories, below and above 12,000 N/mm, respectively. The x-axis is the mean of mechanical and μFEA stiffness of the trabecular bone phantoms, the y-axis shows the relative error between the mechanical and μFEA stiffness estimates. The error is largest for low stiffness bin compared with the high stiffness bin. The median error is represented in the plot by horizontal solid line in the box, − 11.6% median error for the low stiffness bin and 2.6% median error for the high stiffness bin. The low stiffness bin has a mean absolute error of 21.0% with the second bin having a mean absolute error of 8.5%