Fig. 2

The standard orbitozygomatic approach for intracranial and extracranial communicating tumors in the middle skull base. A-C The 3D reconstruction showing the anterior and middle skull base penetration and invasion of the right greater wing of sphenoid (yellow arrows) and orbit by the tumor. D The right optic nerve can be seen segmentally embedded in the tumor (yellow arrows). E-H Basic steps involved in the orbitozygomatic approach