Fig. 1

Methodology overview for dimensional accuracy and precision assessment: Six anatomical forearm specimens were scanned using a clinical CT scanner. These CT images were used as a basis for creating 3D CAD models of the radius, which served as the dimensional ground truth. Physical models were produced using three different additive manufacturing technologies: Digital Light Processing (DLP), Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM), and PolyJetting (PJ). Additionally, models were manufactured in three different part orientations, defined by the position of the radius axis relative to the build plate. These orientations included diagonal, horizontal, and vertical positioning. The surfaces of all manufactured models were then 3D-surface-scanned. The 3D-scanned data were compared with the original CAD models derived from the CT data. Data analysis was conducted to assess the impact of different technologies and part orientations on the dimensional accuracy and precision of the additively manufactured models